dctcp-example.cc

Go to the documentation of this file.

/*
 * Copyright (c) 2017-20 NITK Surathkal
 * Copyright (c) 2020 Tom Henderson (better alignment with experiment)
 *
 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as
 * published by the Free Software Foundation;
 *
 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
 * GNU General Public License for more details.
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
 * Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307  USA
 *
 * Authors: Shravya K.S. <shravya.ks0@gmail.com>
 *          Apoorva Bhargava <apoorvabhargava13@gmail.com>
 *          Shikha Bakshi <shikhabakshi912@gmail.com>
 *          Mohit P. Tahiliani <tahiliani@nitk.edu.in>
 *          Tom Henderson <tomh@tomh.org>
 */
 
// The network topology used in this example is based on Fig. 17 described in
// Mohammad Alizadeh, Albert Greenberg, David A. Maltz, Jitendra Padhye,
// Parveen Patel, Balaji Prabhakar, Sudipta Sengupta, and Murari Sridharan.
// "Data Center TCP (DCTCP)." In ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review,
// Vol. 40, No. 4, pp. 63-74. ACM, 2010.
 
// The topology is roughly as follows
//
//  S1         S3
//  |           |  (1 Gbps)
//  T1 ------- T2 -- R1
//  |           |  (1 Gbps)
//  S2         R2
//
// The link between switch T1 and T2 is 10 Gbps.  All other
// links are 1 Gbps.  In the SIGCOMM paper, there is a Scorpion switch
// between T1 and T2, but it doesn't contribute another bottleneck.
//
// S1 and S3 each have 10 senders sending to receiver R1 (20 total)
// S2 (20 senders) sends traffic to R2 (20 receivers)
//
// This sets up two bottlenecks: 1) T1 -> T2 interface (30 senders
// using the 10 Gbps link) and 2) T2 -> R1 (20 senders using 1 Gbps link)
//
// RED queues configured for ECN marking are used at the bottlenecks.
//
// Figure 17 published results are that each sender in S1 gets 46 Mbps
// and each in S3 gets 54 Mbps, while each S2 sender gets 475 Mbps, and
// that these are within 10% of their fair-share throughputs (Jain index
// of 0.99).
//
// This program runs the program by default for five seconds.  The first
// second is devoted to flow startup (all 40 TCP flows are stagger started
// during this period).  There is a three second convergence time where
// no measurement data is taken, and then there is a one second measurement
// interval to gather raw throughput for each flow.  These time intervals
// can be changed at the command line.
//
// The program outputs six files.  The first three:
// * dctcp-example-s1-r1-throughput.dat
// * dctcp-example-s2-r2-throughput.dat
// * dctcp-example-s3-r1-throughput.dat
// provide per-flow throughputs (in Mb/s) for each of the forty flows, summed
// over the measurement window.  The fourth file,
// * dctcp-example-fairness.dat
// provides average throughputs for the three flow paths, and computes
// Jain's fairness index for each flow group (i.e. across each group of
// 10, 20, and 10 flows).  It also sums the throughputs across each bottleneck.
// The fifth and sixth:
// * dctcp-example-t1-length.dat
// * dctcp-example-t2-length.dat
// report on the bottleneck queue length (in packets and microseconds
// of delay) at 10 ms intervals during the measurement window.
//
// By default, the throughput averages are 23 Mbps for S1 senders, 471 Mbps
// for S2 senders, and 74 Mbps for S3 senders, and the Jain index is greater
// than 0.99 for each group of flows.  The average queue delay is about 1ms
// for the T2->R2 bottleneck, and about 200us for the T1->T2 bottleneck.
//
// The RED parameters (min_th and max_th) are set to the same values as
// reported in the paper, but we observed that throughput distributions
// and queue delays are very sensitive to these parameters, as was also
// observed in the paper; it is likely that the paper's throughput results
// could be achieved by further tuning of the RED parameters.  However,
// the default results show that DCTCP is able to achieve high link
// utilization and low queueing delay and fairness across competing flows
// sharing the same path.
 
#include "ns3/applications-module.h"
#include "ns3/core-module.h"
#include "ns3/internet-module.h"
#include "ns3/network-module.h"
#include "ns3/point-to-point-module.h"
#include "ns3/traffic-control-module.h"
 
#include <iomanip>
#include <iostream>
 
using namespace ns3;
 
std::stringstream filePlotQueue1;
std::stringstream filePlotQueue2;
std::ofstream rxS1R1Throughput;
std::ofstream rxS2R2Throughput;
std::ofstream rxS3R1Throughput;
std::ofstream fairnessIndex;
std::ofstream t1QueueLength;
std::ofstream t2QueueLength;
std::vector<uint64_t> rxS1R1Bytes;
std::vector<uint64_t> rxS2R2Bytes;
std::vector<uint64_t> rxS3R1Bytes;
 
void
PrintProgress(Time interval)
{
    std::cout << "Progress to " << std::fixed << std::setprecision(1)
              << Simulator::Now().GetSeconds() << " seconds simulation time" << std::endl;
    Simulator::Schedule(interval, &PrintProgress, interval);
}
 
void
TraceS1R1Sink(std::size_t index, Ptr<const Packet> p, const Address& a)
{
    rxS1R1Bytes[index] += p->GetSize();
}
 
void
TraceS2R2Sink(std::size_t index, Ptr<const Packet> p, const Address& a)
{
    rxS2R2Bytes[index] += p->GetSize();
}
 
void
TraceS3R1Sink(std::size_t index, Ptr<const Packet> p, const Address& a)
{
    rxS3R1Bytes[index] += p->GetSize();
}
 
void
InitializeCounters()
{
    for (std::size_t i = 0; i < 10; i++)
    {
        rxS1R1Bytes[i] = 0;
    }
    for (std::size_t i = 0; i < 20; i++)
    {
        rxS2R2Bytes[i] = 0;
    }
    for (std::size_t i = 0; i < 10; i++)
    {
        rxS3R1Bytes[i] = 0;
    }
}
 
void
PrintThroughput(Time measurementWindow)
{
    for (std::size_t i = 0; i < 10; i++)
    {
        rxS1R1Throughput << measurementWindow.GetSeconds() << "s " << i << " "
                         << (rxS1R1Bytes[i] * 8) / (measurementWindow.GetSeconds()) / 1e6
                         << std::endl;
    }
    for (std::size_t i = 0; i < 20; i++)
    {
        rxS2R2Throughput << Simulator::Now().GetSeconds() << "s " << i << " "
                         << (rxS2R2Bytes[i] * 8) / (measurementWindow.GetSeconds()) / 1e6
                         << std::endl;
    }
    for (std::size_t i = 0; i < 10; i++)
    {
        rxS3R1Throughput << Simulator::Now().GetSeconds() << "s " << i << " "
                         << (rxS3R1Bytes[i] * 8) / (measurementWindow.GetSeconds()) / 1e6
                         << std::endl;
    }
}
 
// Jain's fairness index:  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fairness_measure
void
PrintFairness(Time measurementWindow)
{
    double average = 0;
    uint64_t sumSquares = 0;
    uint64_t sum = 0;
    double fairness = 0;
    for (std::size_t i = 0; i < 10; i++)
    {
        sum += rxS1R1Bytes[i];
        sumSquares += (rxS1R1Bytes[i] * rxS1R1Bytes[i]);
    }
    average = ((sum / 10) * 8 / measurementWindow.GetSeconds()) / 1e6;
    fairness = static_cast<double>(sum * sum) / (10 * sumSquares);
    fairnessIndex << "Average throughput for S1-R1 flows: " << std::fixed << std::setprecision(2)
                  << average << " Mbps; fairness: " << std::fixed << std::setprecision(3)
                  << fairness << std::endl;
    average = 0;
    sumSquares = 0;
    sum = 0;
    fairness = 0;
    for (std::size_t i = 0; i < 20; i++)
    {
        sum += rxS2R2Bytes[i];
        sumSquares += (rxS2R2Bytes[i] * rxS2R2Bytes[i]);
    }
    average = ((sum / 20) * 8 / measurementWindow.GetSeconds()) / 1e6;
    fairness = static_cast<double>(sum * sum) / (20 * sumSquares);
    fairnessIndex << "Average throughput for S2-R2 flows: " << std::fixed << std::setprecision(2)
                  << average << " Mbps; fairness: " << std::fixed << std::setprecision(3)
                  << fairness << std::endl;
    average = 0;
    sumSquares = 0;
    sum = 0;
    fairness = 0;
    for (std::size_t i = 0; i < 10; i++)
    {
        sum += rxS3R1Bytes[i];
        sumSquares += (rxS3R1Bytes[i] * rxS3R1Bytes[i]);
    }
    average = ((sum / 10) * 8 / measurementWindow.GetSeconds()) / 1e6;
    fairness = static_cast<double>(sum * sum) / (10 * sumSquares);
    fairnessIndex << "Average throughput for S3-R1 flows: " << std::fixed << std::setprecision(2)
                  << average << " Mbps; fairness: " << std::fixed << std::setprecision(3)
                  << fairness << std::endl;
    sum = 0;
    for (std::size_t i = 0; i < 10; i++)
    {
        sum += rxS1R1Bytes[i];
    }
    for (std::size_t i = 0; i < 20; i++)
    {
        sum += rxS2R2Bytes[i];
    }
    fairnessIndex << "Aggregate user-level throughput for flows through T1: "
                  << static_cast<double>(sum * 8) / 1e9 << " Gbps" << std::endl;
    sum = 0;
    for (std::size_t i = 0; i < 10; i++)
    {
        sum += rxS3R1Bytes[i];
    }
    for (std::size_t i = 0; i < 10; i++)
    {
        sum += rxS1R1Bytes[i];
    }
    fairnessIndex << "Aggregate user-level throughput for flows to R1: "
                  << static_cast<double>(sum * 8) / 1e9 << " Gbps" << std::endl;
}
 
void
CheckT1QueueSize(Ptr<QueueDisc> queue)
{
    // 1500 byte packets
    uint32_t qSize = queue->GetNPackets();
    Time backlog = Seconds(static_cast<double>(qSize * 1500 * 8) / 1e10); // 10 Gb/s
    // report size in units of packets and ms
    t1QueueLength << std::fixed << std::setprecision(2) << Simulator::Now().GetSeconds() << " "
                  << qSize << " " << backlog.GetMicroSeconds() << std::endl;
    // check queue size every 1/100 of a second
    Simulator::Schedule(MilliSeconds(10), &CheckT1QueueSize, queue);
}
 
void
CheckT2QueueSize(Ptr<QueueDisc> queue)
{
    uint32_t qSize = queue->GetNPackets();
    Time backlog = Seconds(static_cast<double>(qSize * 1500 * 8) / 1e9); // 1 Gb/s
    // report size in units of packets and ms
    t2QueueLength << std::fixed << std::setprecision(2) << Simulator::Now().GetSeconds() << " "
                  << qSize << " " << backlog.GetMicroSeconds() << std::endl;
    // check queue size every 1/100 of a second
    Simulator::Schedule(MilliSeconds(10), &CheckT2QueueSize, queue);
}
 
int
main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
    std::string outputFilePath = ".";
    std::string tcpTypeId = "TcpDctcp";
    Time flowStartupWindow = Seconds(1);
    Time convergenceTime = Seconds(3);
    Time measurementWindow = Seconds(1);
    bool enableSwitchEcn = true;
    Time progressInterval = MilliSeconds(100);
 
    CommandLine cmd(__FILE__);
    cmd.AddValue("tcpTypeId", "ns-3 TCP TypeId", tcpTypeId);
    cmd.AddValue("flowStartupWindow",
                 "startup time window (TCP staggered starts)",
                 flowStartupWindow);
    cmd.AddValue("convergenceTime", "convergence time", convergenceTime);
    cmd.AddValue("measurementWindow", "measurement window", measurementWindow);
    cmd.AddValue("enableSwitchEcn", "enable ECN at switches", enableSwitchEcn);
    cmd.Parse(argc, argv);
 
    Config::SetDefault("ns3::TcpL4Protocol::SocketType", StringValue("ns3::" + tcpTypeId));
 
    Time startTime = Seconds(0);
    Time stopTime = flowStartupWindow + convergenceTime + measurementWindow;
 
    rxS1R1Bytes.reserve(10);
    rxS2R2Bytes.reserve(20);
    rxS3R1Bytes.reserve(10);
 
    NodeContainer S1;
    NodeContainer S2;
    NodeContainer S3;
    NodeContainer R2;
    Ptr<Node> T1 = CreateObject<Node>();
    Ptr<Node> T2 = CreateObject<Node>();
    Ptr<Node> R1 = CreateObject<Node>();
    S1.Create(10);
    S2.Create(20);
    S3.Create(10);
    R2.Create(20);
 
    Config::SetDefault("ns3::TcpSocket::SegmentSize", UintegerValue(1448));
    Config::SetDefault("ns3::TcpSocket::DelAckCount", UintegerValue(2));
    GlobalValue::Bind("ChecksumEnabled", BooleanValue(false));
 
    // Set default parameters for RED queue disc
    Config::SetDefault("ns3::RedQueueDisc::UseEcn", BooleanValue(enableSwitchEcn));
    // ARED may be used but the queueing delays will increase; it is disabled
    // here because the SIGCOMM paper did not mention it
    // Config::SetDefault ("ns3::RedQueueDisc::ARED", BooleanValue (true));
    // Config::SetDefault ("ns3::RedQueueDisc::Gentle", BooleanValue (true));
    Config::SetDefault("ns3::RedQueueDisc::UseHardDrop", BooleanValue(false));
    Config::SetDefault("ns3::RedQueueDisc::MeanPktSize", UintegerValue(1500));
    // Triumph and Scorpion switches used in DCTCP Paper have 4 MB of buffer
    // If every packet is 1500 bytes, 2666 packets can be stored in 4 MB
    Config::SetDefault("ns3::RedQueueDisc::MaxSize", QueueSizeValue(QueueSize("2666p")));
    // DCTCP tracks instantaneous queue length only; so set QW = 1
    Config::SetDefault("ns3::RedQueueDisc::QW", DoubleValue(1));
    Config::SetDefault("ns3::RedQueueDisc::MinTh", DoubleValue(20));
    Config::SetDefault("ns3::RedQueueDisc::MaxTh", DoubleValue(60));
 
    PointToPointHelper pointToPointSR;
    pointToPointSR.SetDeviceAttribute("DataRate", StringValue("1Gbps"));
    pointToPointSR.SetChannelAttribute("Delay", StringValue("10us"));
 
    PointToPointHelper pointToPointT;
    pointToPointT.SetDeviceAttribute("DataRate", StringValue("10Gbps"));
    pointToPointT.SetChannelAttribute("Delay", StringValue("10us"));
 
    // Create a total of 62 links.
    std::vector<NetDeviceContainer> S1T1;
    S1T1.reserve(10);
    std::vector<NetDeviceContainer> S2T1;
    S2T1.reserve(20);
    std::vector<NetDeviceContainer> S3T2;
    S3T2.reserve(10);
    std::vector<NetDeviceContainer> R2T2;
    R2T2.reserve(20);
    NetDeviceContainer T1T2 = pointToPointT.Install(T1, T2);
    NetDeviceContainer R1T2 = pointToPointSR.Install(R1, T2);
 
    for (std::size_t i = 0; i < 10; i++)
    {
        Ptr<Node> n = S1.Get(i);
        S1T1.push_back(pointToPointSR.Install(n, T1));
    }
    for (std::size_t i = 0; i < 20; i++)
    {
        Ptr<Node> n = S2.Get(i);
        S2T1.push_back(pointToPointSR.Install(n, T1));
    }
    for (std::size_t i = 0; i < 10; i++)
    {
        Ptr<Node> n = S3.Get(i);
        S3T2.push_back(pointToPointSR.Install(n, T2));
    }
    for (std::size_t i = 0; i < 20; i++)
    {
        Ptr<Node> n = R2.Get(i);
        R2T2.push_back(pointToPointSR.Install(n, T2));
    }
 
    InternetStackHelper stack;
    stack.InstallAll();
 
    TrafficControlHelper tchRed10;
    // MinTh = 50, MaxTh = 150 recommended in ACM SIGCOMM 2010 DCTCP Paper
    // This yields a target (MinTh) queue depth of 60us at 10 Gb/s
    tchRed10.SetRootQueueDisc("ns3::RedQueueDisc",
                              "LinkBandwidth",
                              StringValue("10Gbps"),
                              "LinkDelay",
                              StringValue("10us"),
                              "MinTh",
                              DoubleValue(50),
                              "MaxTh",
                              DoubleValue(150));
    QueueDiscContainer queueDiscs1 = tchRed10.Install(T1T2);
 
    TrafficControlHelper tchRed1;
    // MinTh = 20, MaxTh = 60 recommended in ACM SIGCOMM 2010 DCTCP Paper
    // This yields a target queue depth of 250us at 1 Gb/s
    tchRed1.SetRootQueueDisc("ns3::RedQueueDisc",
                             "LinkBandwidth",
                             StringValue("1Gbps"),
                             "LinkDelay",
                             StringValue("10us"),
                             "MinTh",
                             DoubleValue(20),
                             "MaxTh",
                             DoubleValue(60));
    QueueDiscContainer queueDiscs2 = tchRed1.Install(R1T2.Get(1));
    for (std::size_t i = 0; i < 10; i++)
    {
        tchRed1.Install(S1T1[i].Get(1));
    }
    for (std::size_t i = 0; i < 20; i++)
    {
        tchRed1.Install(S2T1[i].Get(1));
    }
    for (std::size_t i = 0; i < 10; i++)
    {
        tchRed1.Install(S3T2[i].Get(1));
    }
    for (std::size_t i = 0; i < 20; i++)
    {
        tchRed1.Install(R2T2[i].Get(1));
    }
 
    Ipv4AddressHelper address;
    std::vector<Ipv4InterfaceContainer> ipS1T1;
    ipS1T1.reserve(10);
    std::vector<Ipv4InterfaceContainer> ipS2T1;
    ipS2T1.reserve(20);
    std::vector<Ipv4InterfaceContainer> ipS3T2;
    ipS3T2.reserve(10);
    std::vector<Ipv4InterfaceContainer> ipR2T2;
    ipR2T2.reserve(20);
    address.SetBase("172.16.1.0", "255.255.255.0");
    Ipv4InterfaceContainer ipT1T2 = address.Assign(T1T2);
    address.SetBase("192.168.0.0", "255.255.255.0");
    Ipv4InterfaceContainer ipR1T2 = address.Assign(R1T2);
    address.SetBase("10.1.1.0", "255.255.255.0");
    for (std::size_t i = 0; i < 10; i++)
    {
        ipS1T1.push_back(address.Assign(S1T1[i]));
        address.NewNetwork();
    }
    address.SetBase("10.2.1.0", "255.255.255.0");
    for (std::size_t i = 0; i < 20; i++)
    {
        ipS2T1.push_back(address.Assign(S2T1[i]));
        address.NewNetwork();
    }
    address.SetBase("10.3.1.0", "255.255.255.0");
    for (std::size_t i = 0; i < 10; i++)
    {
        ipS3T2.push_back(address.Assign(S3T2[i]));
        address.NewNetwork();
    }
    address.SetBase("10.4.1.0", "255.255.255.0");
    for (std::size_t i = 0; i < 20; i++)
    {
        ipR2T2.push_back(address.Assign(R2T2[i]));
        address.NewNetwork();
    }
 
    Ipv4GlobalRoutingHelper::PopulateRoutingTables();
 
    // Each sender in S2 sends to a receiver in R2
    std::vector<Ptr<PacketSink>> r2Sinks;
    r2Sinks.reserve(20);
    for (std::size_t i = 0; i < 20; i++)
    {
        uint16_t port = 50000 + i;
        Address sinkLocalAddress(InetSocketAddress(Ipv4Address::GetAny(), port));
        PacketSinkHelper sinkHelper("ns3::TcpSocketFactory", sinkLocalAddress);
        ApplicationContainer sinkApp = sinkHelper.Install(R2.Get(i));
        Ptr<PacketSink> packetSink = sinkApp.Get(0)->GetObject<PacketSink>();
        r2Sinks.push_back(packetSink);
        sinkApp.Start(startTime);
        sinkApp.Stop(stopTime);
 
        OnOffHelper clientHelper1("ns3::TcpSocketFactory", Address());
        clientHelper1.SetAttribute("OnTime",
                                   StringValue("ns3::ConstantRandomVariable[Constant=1]"));
        clientHelper1.SetAttribute("OffTime",
                                   StringValue("ns3::ConstantRandomVariable[Constant=0]"));
        clientHelper1.SetAttribute("DataRate", DataRateValue(DataRate("1Gbps")));
        clientHelper1.SetAttribute("PacketSize", UintegerValue(1000));
 
        ApplicationContainer clientApps1;
        AddressValue remoteAddress(InetSocketAddress(ipR2T2[i].GetAddress(0), port));
        clientHelper1.SetAttribute("Remote", remoteAddress);
        clientApps1.Add(clientHelper1.Install(S2.Get(i)));
        clientApps1.Start(i * flowStartupWindow / 20 + startTime + MilliSeconds(i * 5));
        clientApps1.Stop(stopTime);
    }
 
    // Each sender in S1 and S3 sends to R1
    std::vector<Ptr<PacketSink>> s1r1Sinks;
    std::vector<Ptr<PacketSink>> s3r1Sinks;
    s1r1Sinks.reserve(10);
    s3r1Sinks.reserve(10);
    for (std::size_t i = 0; i < 20; i++)
    {
        uint16_t port = 50000 + i;
        Address sinkLocalAddress(InetSocketAddress(Ipv4Address::GetAny(), port));
        PacketSinkHelper sinkHelper("ns3::TcpSocketFactory", sinkLocalAddress);
        ApplicationContainer sinkApp = sinkHelper.Install(R1);
        Ptr<PacketSink> packetSink = sinkApp.Get(0)->GetObject<PacketSink>();
        if (i < 10)
        {
            s1r1Sinks.push_back(packetSink);
        }
        else
        {
            s3r1Sinks.push_back(packetSink);
        }
        sinkApp.Start(startTime);
        sinkApp.Stop(stopTime);
 
        OnOffHelper clientHelper1("ns3::TcpSocketFactory", Address());
        clientHelper1.SetAttribute("OnTime",
                                   StringValue("ns3::ConstantRandomVariable[Constant=1]"));
        clientHelper1.SetAttribute("OffTime",
                                   StringValue("ns3::ConstantRandomVariable[Constant=0]"));
        clientHelper1.SetAttribute("DataRate", DataRateValue(DataRate("1Gbps")));
        clientHelper1.SetAttribute("PacketSize", UintegerValue(1000));
 
        ApplicationContainer clientApps1;
        AddressValue remoteAddress(InetSocketAddress(ipR1T2.GetAddress(0), port));
        clientHelper1.SetAttribute("Remote", remoteAddress);
        if (i < 10)
        {
            clientApps1.Add(clientHelper1.Install(S1.Get(i)));
            clientApps1.Start(i * flowStartupWindow / 10 + startTime + MilliSeconds(i * 5));
        }
        else
        {
            clientApps1.Add(clientHelper1.Install(S3.Get(i - 10)));
            clientApps1.Start((i - 10) * flowStartupWindow / 10 + startTime + MilliSeconds(i * 5));
        }
 
        clientApps1.Stop(stopTime);
    }
 
    rxS1R1Throughput.open("dctcp-example-s1-r1-throughput.dat", std::ios::out);
    rxS1R1Throughput << "#Time(s) flow thruput(Mb/s)" << std::endl;
    rxS2R2Throughput.open("dctcp-example-s2-r2-throughput.dat", std::ios::out);
    rxS2R2Throughput << "#Time(s) flow thruput(Mb/s)" << std::endl;
    rxS3R1Throughput.open("dctcp-example-s3-r1-throughput.dat", std::ios::out);
    rxS3R1Throughput << "#Time(s) flow thruput(Mb/s)" << std::endl;
    fairnessIndex.open("dctcp-example-fairness.dat", std::ios::out);
    t1QueueLength.open("dctcp-example-t1-length.dat", std::ios::out);
    t1QueueLength << "#Time(s) qlen(pkts) qlen(us)" << std::endl;
    t2QueueLength.open("dctcp-example-t2-length.dat", std::ios::out);
    t2QueueLength << "#Time(s) qlen(pkts) qlen(us)" << std::endl;
    for (std::size_t i = 0; i < 10; i++)
    {
        s1r1Sinks[i]->TraceConnectWithoutContext("Rx", MakeBoundCallback(&TraceS1R1Sink, i));
    }
    for (std::size_t i = 0; i < 20; i++)
    {
        r2Sinks[i]->TraceConnectWithoutContext("Rx", MakeBoundCallback(&TraceS2R2Sink, i));
    }
    for (std::size_t i = 0; i < 10; i++)
    {
        s3r1Sinks[i]->TraceConnectWithoutContext("Rx", MakeBoundCallback(&TraceS3R1Sink, i));
    }
    Simulator::Schedule(flowStartupWindow + convergenceTime, &InitializeCounters);
    Simulator::Schedule(flowStartupWindow + convergenceTime + measurementWindow,
                        &PrintThroughput,
                        measurementWindow);
    Simulator::Schedule(flowStartupWindow + convergenceTime + measurementWindow,
                        &PrintFairness,
                        measurementWindow);
    Simulator::Schedule(progressInterval, &PrintProgress, progressInterval);
    Simulator::Schedule(flowStartupWindow + convergenceTime, &CheckT1QueueSize, queueDiscs1.Get(0));
    Simulator::Schedule(flowStartupWindow + convergenceTime, &CheckT2QueueSize, queueDiscs2.Get(0));
    Simulator::Stop(stopTime + TimeStep(1));
 
    Simulator::Run();
 
    rxS1R1Throughput.close();
    rxS2R2Throughput.close();
    rxS3R1Throughput.close();
    fairnessIndex.close();
    t1QueueLength.close();
    t2QueueLength.close();
    Simulator::Destroy();
    return 0;
}