dhcp-client.cc

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/*
 * Copyright (c) 2011 UPB
 * Copyright (c) 2017 NITK Surathkal
 *
 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as
 * published by the Free Software Foundation;
 *
 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
 * GNU General Public License for more details.
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
 * Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307  USA
 *
 * Author: Radu Lupu <rlupu@elcom.pub.ro>
 *         Ankit Deepak <adadeepak8@gmail.com>
 *         Deepti Rajagopal <deeptir96@gmail.com>
 *
 *
 */
 
#include "dhcp-client.h"
 
#include "dhcp-header.h"
 
#include "ns3/ipv4-routing-table-entry.h"
#include "ns3/ipv4-static-routing-helper.h"
#include "ns3/ipv4.h"
#include "ns3/log.h"
#include "ns3/pointer.h"
#include "ns3/random-variable-stream.h"
#include "ns3/string.h"
 
namespace ns3
{
 
NS_LOG_COMPONENT_DEFINE("DhcpClient");
NS_OBJECT_ENSURE_REGISTERED(DhcpClient);
 
TypeId
DhcpClient::GetTypeId()
{
    static TypeId tid =
        TypeId("ns3::DhcpClient")
            .SetParent<Application>()
            .AddConstructor<DhcpClient>()
            .SetGroupName("Internet-Apps")
            .AddAttribute("RTRS",
                          "Time for retransmission of Discover message",
                          TimeValue(Seconds(5)),
                          MakeTimeAccessor(&DhcpClient::m_rtrs),
                          MakeTimeChecker())
            .AddAttribute("Collect",
                          "Time for which offer collection starts",
                          TimeValue(Seconds(5)),
                          MakeTimeAccessor(&DhcpClient::m_collect),
                          MakeTimeChecker())
            .AddAttribute("ReRequest",
                          "Time after which request will be resent to next server",
                          TimeValue(Seconds(10)),
                          MakeTimeAccessor(&DhcpClient::m_nextoffer),
                          MakeTimeChecker())
            .AddAttribute("Transactions",
                          "The possible value of transaction numbers",
                          StringValue("ns3::UniformRandomVariable[Min=0.0|Max=1000000.0]"),
                          MakePointerAccessor(&DhcpClient::m_ran),
                          MakePointerChecker<RandomVariableStream>())
            .AddTraceSource("NewLease",
                            "Get a NewLease",
                            MakeTraceSourceAccessor(&DhcpClient::m_newLease),
                            "ns3::Ipv4Address::TracedCallback")
            .AddTraceSource("ExpireLease",
                            "A lease expires",
                            MakeTraceSourceAccessor(&DhcpClient::m_expiry),
                            "ns3::Ipv4Address::TracedCallback");
    return tid;
}
 
DhcpClient::DhcpClient()
{
    NS_LOG_FUNCTION(this);
    m_server = Ipv4Address::GetAny();
    m_socket = nullptr;
    m_refreshEvent = EventId();
    m_requestEvent = EventId();
    m_discoverEvent = EventId();
    m_rebindEvent = EventId();
    m_nextOfferEvent = EventId();
    m_timeout = EventId();
    m_collectEvent = EventId();
    m_firstBoot = true;
}
 
DhcpClient::DhcpClient(Ptr<NetDevice> netDevice)
{
    NS_LOG_FUNCTION(this << netDevice);
    m_device = netDevice;
    m_server = Ipv4Address::GetAny();
    m_socket = nullptr;
    m_refreshEvent = EventId();
    m_requestEvent = EventId();
    m_discoverEvent = EventId();
    m_rebindEvent = EventId();
    m_nextOfferEvent = EventId();
    m_timeout = EventId();
    m_collectEvent = EventId();
    m_firstBoot = true;
}
 
DhcpClient::~DhcpClient()
{
    NS_LOG_FUNCTION(this);
}
 
Ptr<NetDevice>
DhcpClient::GetDhcpClientNetDevice()
{
    return m_device;
}
 
void
DhcpClient::SetDhcpClientNetDevice(Ptr<NetDevice> netDevice)
{
    m_device = netDevice;
}
 
Ipv4Address
DhcpClient::GetDhcpServer()
{
    return m_server;
}
 
void
DhcpClient::DoDispose()
{
    NS_LOG_FUNCTION(this);
 
    m_device = nullptr;
 
    // Stop all the timers
    m_refreshEvent.Cancel();
    m_requestEvent.Cancel();
    m_discoverEvent.Cancel();
    m_rebindEvent.Cancel();
    m_nextOfferEvent.Cancel();
    m_timeout.Cancel();
    m_collectEvent.Cancel();
 
    Application::DoDispose();
}
 
int64_t
DhcpClient::AssignStreams(int64_t stream)
{
    NS_LOG_FUNCTION(this << stream);
    m_ran->SetStream(stream);
    return 1;
}
 
void
DhcpClient::StartApplication()
{
    NS_LOG_FUNCTION(this);
 
    m_remoteAddress = Ipv4Address("255.255.255.255");
    m_myAddress = Ipv4Address("0.0.0.0");
    m_gateway = Ipv4Address("0.0.0.0");
    Ptr<Ipv4> ipv4 = GetNode()->GetObject<Ipv4>();
    uint32_t ifIndex = ipv4->GetInterfaceForDevice(m_device);
 
    // We need to cleanup the type from the stored chaddr, or later we'll fail to compare it.
    // Moreover, the length is always 16, because chaddr is 16 bytes.
    Address myAddress = m_device->GetAddress();
    NS_LOG_INFO("My address is " << myAddress);
    uint8_t addr[Address::MAX_SIZE];
    std::memset(addr, 0, Address::MAX_SIZE);
    uint32_t len = myAddress.CopyTo(addr);
    NS_ASSERT_MSG(len <= 16, "DHCP client can not handle a chaddr larger than 16 bytes");
    m_chaddr.CopyFrom(addr, 16);
    NS_LOG_INFO("My m_chaddr is " << m_chaddr);
 
    bool found = false;
    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < ipv4->GetNAddresses(ifIndex); i++)
    {
        if (ipv4->GetAddress(ifIndex, i).GetLocal() == m_myAddress)
        {
            found = true;
        }
    }
    if (!found)
    {
        ipv4->AddAddress(ifIndex, Ipv4InterfaceAddress(Ipv4Address("0.0.0.0"), Ipv4Mask("/0")));
    }
    if (!m_socket)
    {
        TypeId tid = TypeId::LookupByName("ns3::UdpSocketFactory");
        m_socket = Socket::CreateSocket(GetNode(), tid);
        InetSocketAddress local = InetSocketAddress(Ipv4Address::GetAny(), 68);
        m_socket->SetAllowBroadcast(true);
        m_socket->BindToNetDevice(m_device);
        m_socket->Bind(local);
    }
    m_socket->SetRecvCallback(MakeCallback(&DhcpClient::NetHandler, this));
 
    if (m_firstBoot)
    {
        m_device->AddLinkChangeCallback(MakeCallback(&DhcpClient::LinkStateHandler, this));
        m_firstBoot = false;
    }
    Boot();
}
 
void
DhcpClient::StopApplication()
{
    NS_LOG_FUNCTION(this);
 
    // Stop all the timers
    m_refreshEvent.Cancel();
    m_requestEvent.Cancel();
    m_discoverEvent.Cancel();
    m_rebindEvent.Cancel();
    m_nextOfferEvent.Cancel();
    m_timeout.Cancel();
    m_collectEvent.Cancel();
 
    Ptr<Ipv4> ipv4 = GetNode()->GetObject<Ipv4>();
 
    int32_t ifIndex = ipv4->GetInterfaceForDevice(m_device);
    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < ipv4->GetNAddresses(ifIndex); i++)
    {
        if (ipv4->GetAddress(ifIndex, i).GetLocal() == m_myAddress)
        {
            ipv4->RemoveAddress(ifIndex, i);
            break;
        }
    }
 
    m_socket->SetRecvCallback(MakeNullCallback<void, Ptr<Socket>>());
    m_socket->Close();
}
 
void
DhcpClient::LinkStateHandler()
{
    NS_LOG_FUNCTION(this);
 
    if (m_device->IsLinkUp())
    {
        NS_LOG_INFO("Link up at " << Simulator::Now().As(Time::S));
        m_socket->SetRecvCallback(MakeCallback(&DhcpClient::NetHandler, this));
        StartApplication();
    }
    else
    {
        NS_LOG_INFO("Link down at " << Simulator::Now().As(Time::S)); // reinitialization
 
        // Stop all the timers
        m_refreshEvent.Cancel();
        m_requestEvent.Cancel();
        m_discoverEvent.Cancel();
        m_rebindEvent.Cancel();
        m_nextOfferEvent.Cancel();
        m_timeout.Cancel();
        m_collectEvent.Cancel();
 
        m_socket->SetRecvCallback(
            MakeNullCallback<void, Ptr<Socket>>()); // stop receiving on this socket !!!
 
        Ptr<Ipv4> ipv4MN = GetNode()->GetObject<Ipv4>();
        int32_t ifIndex = ipv4MN->GetInterfaceForDevice(m_device);
 
        for (uint32_t i = 0; i < ipv4MN->GetNAddresses(ifIndex); i++)
        {
            if (ipv4MN->GetAddress(ifIndex, i).GetLocal() == m_myAddress)
            {
                ipv4MN->RemoveAddress(ifIndex, i);
                break;
            }
        }
 
        Ipv4StaticRoutingHelper ipv4RoutingHelper;
        Ptr<Ipv4StaticRouting> staticRouting = ipv4RoutingHelper.GetStaticRouting(ipv4MN);
        uint32_t i;
        for (i = 0; i < staticRouting->GetNRoutes(); i++)
        {
            if (staticRouting->GetRoute(i).GetGateway() == m_gateway)
            {
                staticRouting->RemoveRoute(i);
                break;
            }
        }
 
        m_state = 0;
        m_myAddress = Ipv4Address("0.0.0.0");
        m_gateway = Ipv4Address("0.0.0.0");
    }
}
 
void
DhcpClient::NetHandler(Ptr<Socket> socket)
{
    NS_LOG_FUNCTION(this << socket);
 
    Address from;
    Ptr<Packet> packet = m_socket->RecvFrom(from);
    DhcpHeader header;
    if (packet->RemoveHeader(header) == 0)
    {
        return;
    }
    if (header.GetChaddr() != m_chaddr)
    {
        return;
    }
    if (m_state == WAIT_OFFER && header.GetType() == DhcpHeader::DHCPOFFER)
    {
        OfferHandler(header);
    }
    if (m_state == WAIT_ACK && header.GetType() == DhcpHeader::DHCPACK)
    {
        m_nextOfferEvent.Cancel();
        AcceptAck(header, from);
    }
    if (m_state == WAIT_ACK && header.GetType() == DhcpHeader::DHCPNACK)
    {
        m_nextOfferEvent.Cancel();
        Boot();
    }
}
 
void
DhcpClient::Boot()
{
    NS_LOG_FUNCTION(this);
 
    DhcpHeader header;
    Ptr<Packet> packet;
    packet = Create<Packet>();
    header.ResetOpt();
    m_tran = (uint32_t)(m_ran->GetValue());
    header.SetTran(m_tran);
    header.SetType(DhcpHeader::DHCPDISCOVER);
    header.SetTime();
    header.SetChaddr(m_chaddr);
    packet->AddHeader(header);
 
    if ((m_socket->SendTo(packet,
                          0,
                          InetSocketAddress(Ipv4Address("255.255.255.255"), DHCP_PEER_PORT))) >= 0)
    {
        NS_LOG_INFO("DHCP DISCOVER sent");
    }
    else
    {
        NS_LOG_INFO("Error while sending DHCP DISCOVER to " << m_remoteAddress);
    }
    m_state = WAIT_OFFER;
    m_offered = false;
    m_discoverEvent = Simulator::Schedule(m_rtrs, &DhcpClient::Boot, this);
}
 
void
DhcpClient::OfferHandler(DhcpHeader header)
{
    NS_LOG_FUNCTION(this << header);
 
    m_offerList.push_back(header);
    if (!m_offered)
    {
        m_discoverEvent.Cancel();
        m_offered = true;
        m_collectEvent = Simulator::Schedule(m_collect, &DhcpClient::Select, this);
    }
}
 
void
DhcpClient::Select()
{
    NS_LOG_FUNCTION(this);
 
    if (m_offerList.empty())
    {
        Boot();
        return;
    }
 
    DhcpHeader header = m_offerList.front();
    m_offerList.pop_front();
    m_lease = Time(Seconds(header.GetLease()));
    m_renew = Time(Seconds(header.GetRenew()));
    m_rebind = Time(Seconds(header.GetRebind()));
    m_offeredAddress = header.GetYiaddr();
    m_myMask = Ipv4Mask(header.GetMask());
    m_server = header.GetDhcps();
    m_gateway = header.GetRouter();
    m_offerList.clear();
    m_offered = false;
    Request();
}
 
void
DhcpClient::Request()
{
    NS_LOG_FUNCTION(this);
 
    DhcpHeader header;
    Ptr<Packet> packet;
    if (m_state != REFRESH_LEASE)
    {
        packet = Create<Packet>();
        header.ResetOpt();
        header.SetType(DhcpHeader::DHCPREQ);
        header.SetTime();
        header.SetTran(m_tran);
        header.SetReq(m_offeredAddress);
        header.SetChaddr(m_chaddr);
        packet->AddHeader(header);
        m_socket->SendTo(packet,
                         0,
                         InetSocketAddress(Ipv4Address("255.255.255.255"), DHCP_PEER_PORT));
        m_state = WAIT_ACK;
        m_nextOfferEvent = Simulator::Schedule(m_nextoffer, &DhcpClient::Select, this);
    }
    else
    {
        uint32_t addr = m_myAddress.Get();
        packet = Create<Packet>((uint8_t*)&addr, sizeof(addr));
        header.ResetOpt();
        m_tran = (uint32_t)(m_ran->GetValue());
        header.SetTran(m_tran);
        header.SetTime();
        header.SetType(DhcpHeader::DHCPREQ);
        header.SetReq(m_myAddress);
        m_offeredAddress = m_myAddress;
        header.SetChaddr(m_chaddr);
        packet->AddHeader(header);
        if ((m_socket->SendTo(packet, 0, InetSocketAddress(m_remoteAddress, DHCP_PEER_PORT))) >= 0)
        {
            NS_LOG_INFO("DHCP REQUEST sent");
        }
        else
        {
            NS_LOG_INFO("Error while sending DHCP REQ to " << m_remoteAddress);
        }
        m_state = WAIT_ACK;
    }
}
 
void
DhcpClient::AcceptAck(DhcpHeader header, Address from)
{
    NS_LOG_FUNCTION(this << header << from);
 
    m_rebindEvent.Cancel();
    m_refreshEvent.Cancel();
    m_timeout.Cancel();
 
    NS_LOG_INFO("DHCP ACK received");
    Ptr<Ipv4> ipv4 = GetNode()->GetObject<Ipv4>();
    int32_t ifIndex = ipv4->GetInterfaceForDevice(m_device);
 
    if (m_myAddress != m_offeredAddress)
    {
        for (uint32_t i = 0; i < ipv4->GetNAddresses(ifIndex); i++)
        {
            if (ipv4->GetAddress(ifIndex, i).GetLocal() == m_myAddress)
            {
                NS_LOG_LOGIC("Got a new address (" << m_offeredAddress
                                                   << "), removing old one: " << m_myAddress);
                ipv4->RemoveAddress(ifIndex, i);
                break;
            }
        }
 
        ipv4->AddAddress(ifIndex, Ipv4InterfaceAddress(m_offeredAddress, m_myMask));
        ipv4->SetUp(ifIndex);
    }
 
    InetSocketAddress remote =
        InetSocketAddress(InetSocketAddress::ConvertFrom(from).GetIpv4(), DHCP_PEER_PORT);
    m_socket->Connect(remote);
    if (m_myAddress != m_offeredAddress)
    {
        m_newLease(m_offeredAddress);
        if (m_myAddress != Ipv4Address("0.0.0.0"))
        {
            m_expiry(m_myAddress);
        }
    }
    m_myAddress = m_offeredAddress;
    Ipv4StaticRoutingHelper ipv4RoutingHelper;
    Ptr<Ipv4StaticRouting> staticRouting = ipv4RoutingHelper.GetStaticRouting(ipv4);
    if (m_gateway == Ipv4Address("0.0.0.0"))
    {
        m_gateway = InetSocketAddress::ConvertFrom(from).GetIpv4();
    }
 
    staticRouting->SetDefaultRoute(m_gateway, ifIndex, 0);
 
    m_remoteAddress = InetSocketAddress::ConvertFrom(from).GetIpv4();
    NS_LOG_INFO("Current DHCP Server is " << m_remoteAddress);
 
    m_offerList.clear();
    m_refreshEvent = Simulator::Schedule(m_renew, &DhcpClient::Request, this);
    m_rebindEvent = Simulator::Schedule(m_rebind, &DhcpClient::Request, this);
    m_timeout = Simulator::Schedule(m_lease, &DhcpClient::RemoveAndStart, this);
    m_state = REFRESH_LEASE;
}
 
void
DhcpClient::RemoveAndStart()
{
    NS_LOG_FUNCTION(this);
 
    m_nextOfferEvent.Cancel();
    m_refreshEvent.Cancel();
    m_rebindEvent.Cancel();
    m_timeout.Cancel();
 
    Ptr<Ipv4> ipv4MN = GetNode()->GetObject<Ipv4>();
    int32_t ifIndex = ipv4MN->GetInterfaceForDevice(m_device);
 
    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < ipv4MN->GetNAddresses(ifIndex); i++)
    {
        if (ipv4MN->GetAddress(ifIndex, i).GetLocal() == m_myAddress)
        {
            ipv4MN->RemoveAddress(ifIndex, i);
            break;
        }
    }
    m_expiry(m_myAddress);
    Ipv4StaticRoutingHelper ipv4RoutingHelper;
    Ptr<Ipv4StaticRouting> staticRouting = ipv4RoutingHelper.GetStaticRouting(ipv4MN);
    uint32_t i;
    for (i = 0; i < staticRouting->GetNRoutes(); i++)
    {
        if (staticRouting->GetRoute(i).GetGateway() == m_gateway)
        {
            staticRouting->RemoveRoute(i);
            break;
        }
    }
    StartApplication();
}
 
} // Namespace ns3